{"id":15065,"date":"2024-08-13T08:44:10","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T08:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-7272.nscc.sg\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=15065"},"modified":"2024-08-13T08:59:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T08:59:45","slug":"privacy-preserving-data-fusion-for-traffic-state-estimation","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/privacy-preserving-data-fusion-for-traffic-state-estimation\/","title":{"rendered":"Privacy-Preserving Data Fusion for Traffic State Estimation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15065\" class=\"elementor elementor-15065\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d53582e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"d53582e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a98e1e\" data-id=\"6a98e1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc41688 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"fc41688\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7fe9ee\" data-id=\"e7fe9ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2f002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-itsulu-intro\" data-id=\"0c2f002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"itsulu-intro.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<!-- banner -->\n\t\t<div class=\"mil-banner-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-banner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-breadcrumbs mil-mb-30 mil-light\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\" title=\"NSCC\"><span>NSCC Singapore<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"current\"><span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"mil-h2 mil-uppercase mil-light\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy-Preserving Data Fusion for Traffic State Estimation\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-suptitle mil-accent mil-light\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tResearchers from National University of Singapore (NUS) are proposing a privacy-preserved data fusion algorithm for traffic state estimation (FedTSE) to facilitate collaboration and data sharing between multiple data owners, such as traffic authorities and mobility companies.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- banner end -->\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-daf0b91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"daf0b91\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4a8aa7\" data-id=\"c4a8aa7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-61161cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"61161cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d913d9\" data-id=\"6d913d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25fcf2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25fcf2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Transportation systems are undergoing rapid transformation, characterized by the expansion of ridesharing services and the development of connected automated vehicles. These paradigms have enormous potential to facilitate human-centred transportation operations, not only by improving traffic efficiency but also by ensuring responsible data usage (e.g., privacy protection, fairness, etc.).<\/p><p>In the current phase, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) investigated traffic state estimation by merging trajectory data provided by these paradigms with traditional roadside detector data owned by traffic authorities. While such data fusion has been widely demonstrated by researchers and practitioners to significantly enhance traffic operations, existing algorithms rarely consider the fact that sharing such trajectory data can raise privacy concerns for both individual travellers (e.g., their origins and destinations) and mobility companies (e.g., their operation algorithms).<\/p><p>To address the privacy concerns, the researchers proposed a privacy-preserving data fusion algorithm for traffic state estimation, leveraging a combination of federated learning (FL) and traffic flow theory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b8bba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0b8bba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15067\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study.png 1000w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-600x360.png 600w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-200x120.png 200w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-400x240.png 400w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-800x480.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f94ecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-itsulu-divider\" data-id=\"5f94ecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"itsulu-divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"mil-divider\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1f7764 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"e1f7764\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9e62\" data-id=\"c2d9e62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74c0e8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"74c0e8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-accordion{text-align:start}.elementor-accordion .elementor-accordion-item{border:1px solid #d5d8dc}.elementor-accordion .elementor-accordion-item+.elementor-accordion-item{border-top:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title{margin:0;padding:15px 20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;outline:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon svg{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon.elementor-accordion-icon-right{float:right;text-align:right}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon.elementor-accordion-icon-left{float:left;text-align:left}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon .elementor-accordion-icon-closed{display:block}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon .elementor-accordion-icon-opened,.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-accordion-icon-closed{display:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-accordion-icon-opened{display:block}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-content{display:none;padding:15px 20px;border-top:1px solid #d5d8dc}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title{padding:12px 15px}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon{width:1.2em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-content{padding:7px 15px}}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-accordion,.e-con>.elementor-widget-accordion{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">The Research<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1221\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1221\"><p>The aim is to develop a privacy-preserving data fusion algorithm for traffic state estimation that accurately estimates key traffic states such as flow, density, and speed for better traffic operations while safeguarding the privacy of mobility companies that provide the trajectory data.<\/p><p>To achieve this, the researchers first utilize the promising framework of FL, which enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without exchanging private data. The researchers formulate the traffic state estimation problem as a vertical FL problem and build their algorithm on a recently developed framework, reducing communication overhead through local gradient updates and easily integrating with graph neural networks.<\/p><p>Next, the researchers proposed a physics-informed FL approach that integrates traffic models with FL to improve data efficiency. This ensures the applicability of the proposed FedTSE in common traffic state estimation scenarios with limited ground-truth availability. Physics-informed deep learning integrates physical models into learning-based approaches to improve the data efficiency in the training process and\/or to preserve the desired physical properties of the trained models.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1222\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1222\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">The Technology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1222\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1222\"><p><strong><em>Vertical federated learning:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0It enables data fusion between two entities without the need to disclose their raw data.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><em>Traffic flow modelling:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0It ensures that the estimated traffic states satisfy key constraints defined by traffic flow dynamics.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>HPC resources:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>This project was allocated 3,000 GPU hours from NSCC Singapore to train their models.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1223\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1223\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">The Impact<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1223\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1223\"><p>Case studies demonstrated that the models developed by the researchers can preserve the privacy of data owners with minimum impact on estimation performance, significantly outperforming baselines where mobility companies only share partial or no data due to privacy concerns. Moreover, by protecting privacy, mobility companies can be more incentivized to participate actively in data fusion and use higher-resolution data, thereby enhancing estimation accuracy.<\/p><p>On the practical side, the proposed strategy can help eliminate the data silos in the transportation industry by promoting collaboration between stakeholders, allowing them to share data safely and trustfully.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15069\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-600x229.png 600w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-768x293.png 768w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-200x76.png 200w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-400x152.png 400w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-800x305.png 800w, https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/April-Case-study-1024x390-1-1000x381.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adc66de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adc66de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To find out more about how NSCC\u2019s HPC resources can help you, please contact\u00a0<a class=\"mil-accent\" href=\"mailto:e-news@nscc.sg\">e-news@nscc.sg<\/a>.<\/p><section class=\"case-studies-info\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">NSCC NewsBytes <a class=\"mil-accent\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Jan-2024-Newsbytes_Final.pdf\">April 2024<\/a><\/p><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2228a96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-itsulu-button\" data-id=\"2228a96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"itsulu-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<!-- Button -->\n\t\t<a class=\"mil-link\" href=\"\/nscc\/case-studies\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span >\n\t\t\t\tBack To Case Studies\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t    \t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f64ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e7f64ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9c0f27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"c9c0f27\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fd8922\" data-id=\"7fd8922\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd6ce82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"dd6ce82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e9c877\" data-id=\"2e9c877\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d543c4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d543c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 26-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"mil-accent\">Other<\/span> Case Studies<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e21bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-itsulu-portfolio-carousel\" data-id=\"f0e21bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"itsulu-portfolio-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-container mil-events-slider\" data-autoplay=\"6000\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-adaptive-right\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-slider-nav\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-slider-btn-prev mil-events-prev\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-left\"><\/i><span class=\"mil-h6\">Prev<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-slider-btn-next mil-events-next\"><span class=\"mil-h6\">Next<\/span><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/hpc-powers-aerodynamic-improvements-to-turbine-blades\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Turbine-blade.png\" alt=\"HPC powers aerodynamic improvements to turbine blades\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHPC powers aerodynamic improvements to turbine blades\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers at NTU are tapping HPC resources to investigate methods to improve turbine blade aerodynamics that could lead to energy and fuel savings. Flow separation is a common&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/tailoring-brain-tumour-treatments-for-better-patient-outcomes\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Brain-tumor.jpg\" alt=\"Tailoring brain tumour treatments for better patient outcomes\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Health and Biomedical Sciences<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTailoring brain tumour treatments for better patient outcomes\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Doctors and researchers at the National Neuroscience Institute (NNI) are using a supercomputer to analyse the brain tumour genome of individual patients. The data could&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/supercomputers-help-scientists-better-understand-peanut-allergies\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Untitled-design-22.png\" alt=\"Supercomputers help scientists better understand peanut allergies\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Health and Biomedical Sciences<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSupercomputers help scientists better understand peanut allergies\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers from A*STAR leverage high-performance computing (HPC) resources to develop advanced structural model and simulations of the interactions between antigens and&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/using-hpc-to-better-understand-psychiatric-disorders\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Psychiatric-disorder.png\" alt=\"Using HPC to better understand psychiatric disorders\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Health and Biomedical Sciences<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUsing HPC to better understand psychiatric disorders\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers from A*STAR leverage NSCC\u2019s supercomputer to stratify illness and subtypes in psychiatric disorders in order to facilitate better diagnosis and monitoring. Mental&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/accelerating-electric-vehicles-research-through-hpc\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Newsbytes-June-e1695370209401.png\" alt=\"Accelerating electric vehicles research through HPC\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAccelerating electric vehicles research through HPC\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers from A*STAR IHPC leverage supercomputing resources to improve the performance of lithium-ion battery technology With the ever-increasing demand in energy storage&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/portfolio\/item\/peeking-into-the-lenses-of-tropical-jumping-spiders\/\" class=\"mil-card-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-cover-frame\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Credit-NTU-9.png\" alt=\"Peeking into the lenses of tropical jumping spiders\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h6 mil-accent mil-mb-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Health and Biomedical Sciences<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-h4 mil-mb-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPeeking into the lenses of tropical jumping spiders\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mil-card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers at NUS are tapping HPC resources to gain a deeper understanding on the visual systems of jumping spiders in order to discover how species adapt and diversify. Visual&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"featured_media":15063,"menu_order":0,"template":"template-elementor-default.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"portfolio_categories":[22],"class_list":["post-15065","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/15065"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/15065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15072,"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/15065\/revisions\/15072"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www-7171.nscc.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_categories?post=15065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}